ReadonlyconditionalBoth at once, χ²(2).
ReadonlyindependenceChristoffersen's independence: does a violation make the next more likely? χ²(1).
ReadonlyobservationsReadonlyrateReadonlyunconditionalKupiec's proportion of failures: is the violation rate level? χ²(1).
Readonlyviolations
How a VaR's violations grade: their count and rate, and Kupiec's, Christoffersen's and the joint test.